I have this exact same problem, down to every symptom as described by the OP. Unfortunately, I can't resolve it. I've tried several USB ports, upgraded headset firmware, reboots - still nothing from the cameras.
I do get the audio "pass through" when entering "room view" in Steam, FWIW.
Windows 10 Pro 64bit, GTX1080, 32MB RAM, Intel i7 3930K 3.2Ghz