I still haven't been able to resolve the above issue.
Initially I was able to successfully launch the APK on the device using Unreal 5.1. Then I made changes to the android configuration on my pc, a.o. running the SetupAndroid.bat for Unreal 5.0 and 5.2 preview. This included referring to version 8.0 for the Command-Line Tools, as per item 3 of documentation https://docs.unrealengine.com/5.1/en-US/how-to-set-up-android-sdk-and-ndk-for-your-unreal-engine-development-environment/ .
The issue now only occurs for Unreal 5.1, UE 5.0 works fine. The issue also occurs when using a different PC. A factory reset of the VR device didn't resolve.