Hi Vallentin!
I have the same MacBook Pro as you. I also have a iMac Pro, a beast, I tryed to do a Bootcamp Windows 10 sollution, and end up with the same issue as you did. Vive Consol tells me to upgrade the grafics cards drivers.
But I thought I could try to do the same on my MacBook till I saw your post. Did you sort the GPU card issue?
Best regards/Klas