So having read of other people's success of doing a clean install of Windows I thought I would try something. I didn't want to reinstall fully as I have numerous other things installed on my PC, so instead I created a new Vive user. I then installed Steam, Steam VR, and the wireless app. I switched back to the hardwired linkbox connected to the HMD and let all the drivers install. I then switched back to the wireless adapter. The HMD came on and I was able to confirm that the camera was disabled in SteamVR. I started a game, thinking it was all fixed. It worked for about 30 seconds, then blacked out as it did before. This time I was able to hear USB connect/disconnect tones.
I have concluded that something about the HMD is continually connecting and disconnecting USB devices. If I view the USB devices in SteamVR they do not all show as on. This is incredibly frustrating, I don't believe the device is ready for prime time. If I can't get it working in this weekend I'll be returning it.